Background: The outer surrounding surface of the lips has elevations, depressions, normal lines, and fissures in the form of wrinkles and grooves present in the zone of the transition of the lip which can be used in the identification of a person. Aims: The aim was to determine the predominant type of lip print among a sample of the Sudanese population and to assess the relation between lip print with age and gender. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 394 (150 males and 244 females) adult Sudanese participants living within the Khartoum city. Those with a history of lip injury, congenitally deformed lip, children, very old or coming from the eastern region were excluded. Red lipstick impression with a white chart paper in the normal rest position of the lips by dabbing it in the center first and then press it uniformly toward the corners. Lip print type was assessed according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's from type 1 to type V. Comparison between variables by Chi-Squire with the level of significance set at P value of <0.05. Results: Result showed a unique different type of lip print among peoples coming from different regions and different tribes in Sudan. Type I was predominantly among the studied population and the least was type V. The predominant type of lip print among those their origin is from the Northern was type I (32.6%), type II was among those from Southern (28.6%), and type I' among those from Western (33.3%). There was no statistical significance difference between the type of lip print among male and female or between different age groups. Conclusion: Type I' lip print pattern was most common type of lip print pattern among the studied population with no association between age or sex and lip print type. Increasing sample size and conducting the examination on participants from different regions in Sudan, can eliminate any confounding factors and gives valid and reliable findings.

Background: Maintenance of color throughout the functional lifetime of restorations in teeth is needed for its durability. Color changes have been considered as the major problem of dental restorations. Long-term usage of pediatric liquid medications can stain the tooth as well as the restorative materials whose longevity and acceptability are directly proportional to its color stability. Aim: The present study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of pediatric drugs on the color stability of different esthetic restorations. Methodology: Three different restorative materials such as glass-ionomer cement, composite, and ACTIVA KIDS were used to prepare a total of 150 (50 from each) specimens. These specimens were divided into five experimental subgroups (n = 10), which were immersed in 5 different liquid medicines. The color stability of all specimens was evaluated by colorimeter before and after the immersion period. Results: Composites in iron supplements showed the highest color changes, and the least changes were seen in the ACTIVA KIDS - Ibuprofen group. Conclusion: ACTIVA KIDS is found to be the most resistant to discoloration followed by GIC and composite. Iron supplements showed the highest staining ability among all the medications.

Purpose: This study evaluated the bond strength of acrylic resin denture teeth to heat cure denture base resin processed under different curing cycles and after various surface treatments on the bonding surface area of acrylic denture teeth. Materials and Methods: A two-piece metal mold of 35 mm length and 12 mm diameter was fabricated to standardize the attachment of teeth at 45°. Ninety such wax cylinders were obtained and were randomly divided and coded into three groups of 30 samples each: Group “A” – the “Control” group, Group “B” – the “MMM” group, and Group “C” – the “Acetone” group with Subgroup 1 – processing with short curing cycle and Subgroup 2 – processing with long curing cycle in each group. These 90 wax cylinder specimens were then flasked, dewaxed as per the standard protocol and surface treatment of teeth, and curing was done. The samples were tested in a universal testing machine. Results: ANOVA analysis inferred that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean bond strength values among the groups. Conclusion: Analysis of mean bond strength values reveals that the mean bond strength values of acetone were significantly higher (P < 0.05) when compared to the other groups.

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the association between Vitamin D status and development of early childhood caries (ECC) in Ahmedabad city. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 children aged between 3 and 6 years were divided into two groups (case and control, n = 40 each). A structured questionnaire was prepared which included basic information of the child; oral examination was done using decayed, missing, and filled teeth index to record caries status of each child. Blood samples were collected for serum analysis of 25(OH)D levels. Results: In case group, the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 12.07 ng/ml, and in control group, the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 20.15 ng/ml. Statistically significant difference was found between serum 25(OH)D levels in both the groups. Conclusion: The results showed that Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with ECC.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) global burden of disease project, chronic kidney disease is the 12^th leading cause of death and 17^th leading cause of disability in the world. Statistics show that 90% of the patients suffering from chronic renal failure face oral health-related problems. The objective of the study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs in hemodialysis patients at Raichur district, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 110 patients undergoing hemodialysis at Raichur district, Karnataka. Oral health status was assessed using the WHO assessment form 1997. Oral Hygiene Index – Simplified (1964) was used to assess the Oral Hygiene Status. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.99 ± 12.80 years and the mean Decayed Teeth, Missing Teeth, Filled Teeth (FT), and Decayed Missing FT was 2.53 ± 2.39, 4.39 ± 7.57, 0.08 ± 0.30, and 7.00 ± 7.01, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was 94.5%. Calculus was seen in 60.9% of the patients. Oral hygiene status was poor in 49.5% of the patients. The mean number of teeth required treatment was 4.4. Conclusion: This special population has high prevalence of dental caries and poor oral hygiene which needed periodic health education and intervention.

Purpose: This study evaluated and compared the amount of porosities in two different acrylic materials processed by two different curing cycles. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 mandibular edentulous master casts were fabricated by using a standard silicone mold. These casts were divided into two groups with 100 samples for each group and each group was divided into two subgroups with 50 samples depending on the curing cycles. On the master cast, a wax pattern was fabricated with 2 mm of thickness and processed by conventional flasking method to obtain the mandibular master specimen. This master specimen along with the master cast was flasked and mold space was created for the placement of test specimens. All these samples were subjected to curing cycles along with the test specimens followed by porosity analysis of the specimens. Results: ANOVA analysis inferred that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean porosity values between the groups. Conclusion: Analysis of mean porosity of all groups reveals that heat-polymerized specimens of Dental Products of India (DPI) processed with a long curing cycle have lesser mean percent porosity values.

Since teeth are the most preserved skeletal remains found in fossils, they can provide an excellent historical record about the adaptive changes that have taken place in the orthognathic complex of modern-day Homo sapiens, as well as the ways by which these evolutionary modifications have affected overall health and lifestyle through time. The study of ancestral dietary progression from trees to grasses and plains as projected through carbon dating has made possible much of today's enlightenment as to the adaptive physiologic nature that has taken place within the species. This understanding, in tandem with the observed morphological changes which have occurred in the anatomy of the teeth and the bony contours and muscle attachments of the skull and jaws in which they are housed, has elucidated present-day scientists as to the means by which the human orthognathic complex was developed, and the ways by which this likely affected overall health and lifestyle over the past millennia. Extrapolation from our current understanding of phylogenetic cause and effect as gleaned from studies of fossilized teeth and jaws to date may enable us to propose potential future anthropological dynamics and adaptations as man becomes ever more modern.

The word “ankylosis” is derived from a Greek word meaning “Stiff.” Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is the bony or fibrous union of the joint and its components. The characteristic feature is the limitation in mouth opening. It affects the speck, mastication, facial growth, and appearance. The article describes a case report on severe bony ankylosis TMJ ankylosis secondary to trauma.